Chapter
XVI
Special provisions applicable to firms
[A.—Assessment of firms]
Assessment of registered firms.
182. [Omitted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.]
Assessment of unregistered firms.
183. [Omitted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.]
184. (1)
A firm shall be assessed as a firm for the purposes of this Act, if—
(i) the partnership is evidenced by an instrument ; and
(ii) the individual
shares of the partners are specified in that instrument.
(2) A
certified copy of the instrument of partnership referred to in sub-section (1)
shall accompany the return of income of the firm of the previous year relevant
to the assessment year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 1993 in
respect of which assessment as a firm is first sought.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, the
copy of the instrument of partnership shall be certified in writing by all the
partners (not being minors) or, where the return is made after the dissolution
of the firm, by all persons (not being minors) who were partners in the firm
immediately before its dissolution and by the legal representative of any such
partner who is deceased.
(3) Where a
firm is assessed as such for any assessment year, it shall be assessed in the
same capacity for every subsequent year if there is no change in the
constitution of the firm or the shares of the partners as evidenced by the
instrument of partnership on the basis of which the assessment as a firm was
first sought.
(4) Where
any such change had taken place in the previous year, the firm shall furnish a
certified copy of the revised instrument of partnership along with the return
of income for the assessment year relevant to such previous year and all the
provisions of this section shall apply accordingly.
[(5) Notwithstanding anything
contained in any other provision of this Act, where, in respect of any
assessment year, there is on the part of a firm any such failure as is
mentioned in section 144, the firm shall be so assessed that no deduction by
way of any payment of interest, salary, bonus, commission or remuneration, by
whatever name called, made by such firm to any partner of such firm shall be
allowed in computing the income chargeable under the head “Profits and gains of
business or profession” and such interest, salary, bonus, commission or
remuneration shall not be chargeable to income-tax under clause (v) of
section 28.]
[Assessment when section
184 not complied with.
185. Notwithstanding anything contained in any
other provision of this Act, where a firm does not comply with the provisions
of section 184 for any assessment year, the firm shall be so assessed that no
deduction by way of any payment of interest, salary, bonus, commission or
remuneration, by whatever name called, made by such firm to any partner of such
firm shall be allowed in computing the income chargeable under the head
“Profits and gains of business or profession” and such interest, salary, bonus,
commission or remuneration shall not be chargeable to income-tax under clause (v)
of section 28.]
C.—Changes in constitution, succession and dissolution
Change in constitution of a firm.
187. (1)
Where at the time of making an assessment under section 143 or section 144 it is found that a change has occurred in the constitution of a firm,
the assessment shall be made on the firm as constituted at the time of making
the assessment.
[***]
(2) For the purposes
of this section, there is a change in the constitution of the firm—
(a) if one or more of the partners cease to
be partners or one or more new partners are admitted, in such circumstances
that one or more of the persons who were partners of the firm before the change
continue as partner or partners after the change ; or
(b) where all the
partners continue with a change in their respective shares or in the shares of
some of them :
[Provided that nothing contained in clause (a) shall apply
to a case where the firm is dissolved on the death of any of its partners.]
Succession of one firm by another firm.
188. Where
a firm carrying on a business or profession is succeeded by another firm, and
the case is not one covered by section 187, separate assessments shall be made
on the predecessor firm and the successor firm in accordance with the
provisions of section 170.
[Joint and several liability of partners for
tax payable by firm.
188A. Every
person who was, during the previous year, a partner of a firm, and the legal representative
of any such person who is deceased, shall be jointly and severally liable along
with the firm for the amount of tax, penalty or other sum payable by the firm
for the assessment year to which such previous year is relevant, and all the
provisions of this Act, so far as may be, shall apply to the assessment of such
tax or imposition or levy of such penalty or other sum.]
Firm dissolved or business discontinued.
189. (1)
Where any business or profession carried on by a firm has been discontinued or
where a firm is dissolved, the [Assessing] Officer shall make an assessment of
the total income of the firm as if no such discontinuance or dissolution had
taken place, and all the provisions of this Act, including the provisions
relating to the levy of a penalty or any other sum chargeable under any
provision of this Act, shall apply, so far as may be, to such assessment.
(2) Without
prejudice to the generality of the foregoing sub-section, if the [Assessing]
Officer or the [***] [Commissioner (Appeals)] in the course of any proceeding
under this Act in respect of any such firm as is referred to in that
sub-section is satisfied that the firm was guilty of any of the acts specified
in Chapter XXI, he may impose or direct the imposition of a penalty in
accordance with the provisions of that Chapter.
(3) Every
person who was at the time of such discontinuance or dissolution a partner of
the firm, and the legal representative of any such person who is deceased,
shall be jointly and severally liable for the amount of tax, penalty or other
sum payable, and all the provisions of this Act, so far as may be, shall apply
to any such assessment or imposition of penalty or other sum.
Explanation.—[Omitted by the Finance Act, 1992, w.e.f. 1-4-1993.]
(4) Where
such discontinuance or dissolution takes place after any proceedings in respect
of an assessment year have commenced, the proceedings may be continued against the
person referred to in sub-section (3) from the stage at which the proceedings
stood at the time of such discontinuance or dissolution, and all the provisions
of this Act shall, so far as may be, apply accordingly.
(5) Nothing
in this section shall affect the provisions of sub-section (6) of section 159.
[Provisions applicable to past
assessments of firms.
189A. In relation to the assessment of any firm and
its partners for the assessment year commencing on the 1st day of April, 1992,
or any earlier assessment year, the provisions of this Chapter as they stood
immediately before the 1st day of April, 1993, shall continue to apply.]